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Rais Syuriyah PWNU: Manusia Khalifah Bumi, Eksploitasi Alam Harus Terukur dan Bermoral

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Choerul Rozak
Sabtu, 2 Agu 2025 09:42
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Semarang-NU Online Demak

Rais Syuriyah Pengurus Wilayah Nahdlatul Ulama (PWNU) Jawa Tengah, KH Ubaidullah Shodaqoh menyoroti krisis ekologi dan ancaman kelangkaan pangan global sebagai dampak nyata dari perilaku manusia yang melampaui batas dalam memperlakukan alam. Hal itu ia sampaikan dalam podcast Derita Ekologi dan Ancaman Krisis Pangan, di mana Kiai Ubaid mengajak umat Islam untuk kembali memahami posisi manusia sebagai khalifah fil ardh—pemimpin di bumi yang bertugas memakmurkan, bukan merusak.

“Dalam Al-Qur’an dijelaskan bahwa manusia memiliki kelebihan dibanding makhluk lainnya, karena itu Allah menjadikannya sebagai khalifah. Tapi penting untuk dipahami, sebelum diturunkan ke bumi, Nabi Adam berada di surga,” ujarnya dikutip NU Online Jateng dari kanal YouTube MAJT TV pada Kamis (31/7/2025).

Namun, lanjut Kiai Ubaid, sebagian ulama menafsirkan bahwa surga yang dimaksud bukanlah Jannah akhirat yang dijanjikan bagi orang-orang beriman, melainkan suatu kondisi bumi yang ideal—alam yang subur, asri, penuh tanaman, dan makmur.

“Itulah yang disebut Jannah, kalau kita artikan secara bahasa, artinya taman atau kebun. Jadi tempat awal Nabi Adam itu bisa dipahami sebagai prototipe bumi yang ideal. Maka ketika Adam diturunkan ke bumi sebagai khalifah, yang menjadi contoh adalah tempat yang subur itu,” jelas pengasuh pesantren Al Itqon Bugen Semarang tersebut.

Menurutnya, tugas khalifah bukan hanya menegakkan agama dan tauhid, tetapi juga imarotul ardh—memakmurkan bumi dengan mengelola kekayaan alam secara adil dan bijak.

“Keseimbangan alam adalah keniscayaan yang harus dijaga. Kalau Nabi Adam diberi tugas untuk menjaga bumi, maka seluruh anak cucunya—manusia sampai akhir zaman—juga punya tanggung jawab yang sama,” tegasnya.

Ia kemudian menyinggung pertanyaan teologis klasik: mengapa manusia yang dipilih sebagai khalifah, bukan malaikat yang telah menyembah Allah selama ratusan bahkan ribuan tahun?

“Karena manusia diberi kelebihan berupa akal dan ilmu. Dalam Al-Qur’an disebutkan ‘wa ‘allama Adama al-asma’a kullaha’—Allah mengajarkan kepada Adam nama-nama seluruh benda. Ini menunjukkan kapasitas intelektual manusia yang tidak dimiliki malaikat, apalagi binatang. Maka manusia lah yang pantas menjadi pemimpin di bumi,” jelas Kiai Ubaid.

Namun menurutnya, amanah sebagai pemimpin ini seringkali disalahartikan. Banyak manusia yang kemudian merasa memiliki hak mutlak atas bumi dan seisinya.

Eksploitasi besar-besaran terhadap sumber daya alam pun dilakukan atas nama pembangunan dan kemajuan, padahal justru mengancam keberlanjutan lingkungan.

“Kita harus sadar, Allah tidak melarang mengambil hasil bumi. Silakan menambang, mengambil minyak, asal terukur dan tidak berlebihan. Jangan sampai karena kerakusan dan ingin memperkaya diri, kita mengabaikan keberlanjutan ekosistem. Harus ada kontrol moral dalam pengelolaan sumber daya,” tegasnya.

Lebih jauh, Kiai Ubaid menekankan bahwa dampak dari kerusakan ekologis tidak hanya dirasakan oleh pelaku eksploitasi saja. Seluruh lapisan masyarakat, termasuk mereka yang tidak terlibat langsung pun bisa menjadi korban.

“Kerusakan itu bersifat kolektif. Bumi ini satu. Kalau satu bagian rusak, semuanya ikut menanggung. Bahkan orang alim, orang baik, bisa kena dampaknya. Ini menunjukkan bahwa menjaga bumi adalah tanggung jawab bersama,” ujarnya.

Ia juga mengingatkan agar manusia tidak merasa memiliki hak tunggal atas bumi ini. Hewan, tumbuhan, dan makhluk lainnya juga punya hak untuk hidup dan memanfaatkan sumber daya alam.

“Contohnya burung. Dia tidak punya sawah, tidak menanam padi, tapi setiap sore pulang dalam keadaan kenyang. Artinya, Allah sudah menjamin rezeki semua makhluk. Tinggal bagaimana manusia tidak menghalangi atau merusak hak-hak makhluk lain,” jelasnya.

Kiai Ubaid juga menyinggung tentang pentingnya menjaga rantai ekosistem.

“Misalnya ular. Kalau semua dibunuh, maka tikus-tikus akan merajalela dan merusak tanaman petani. Maka dalam Islam, kita diajarkan untuk tidak semena-mena terhadap hewan. Semua makhluk diciptakan untuk saling mendukung,” ujarnya.

Kiai Ubaid mengajak umat Islam untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran ekologis yang berlandaskan nilai-nilai tauhid.

“Menjaga alam bukan hanya tanggung jawab moral, tapi juga bagian dari ibadah. Karena kita semua adalah khalifah, dan kelak akan dimintai pertanggungjawaban atas apa yang kita lakukan terhadap bumi ini,” pungkasnya.

Sumber: NU Online Jateng

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